Quantitative Analysis of Quercetin in Various Parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Extracts

Noorehan Rastaon; Piakong Mohd Tuah

Quantitative Analysis of Quercetin in Various Parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Extracts

Noorehan Rastaon & Piakong Mohd Tuah

Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa; Phytochemicals; Flavonoids; Quercetin; High-performance liquid chromatography

A b s t r a c t

Phaleria macrocarpa, which is also known as Mahkota Dewa, is one of native Indonesian plants. There are a number of findings associate this plant with anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer attributes. This study is the first stage of on-going research to perform phytochemical analysis and to identify the antimicrobial property of P. macrocarpa against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. In particular, quantitative analysis of flavonoids of various parts of P. macrocarpa was the main purpose of this study. Phytochemical screening of P. macrocarpa leaf, stalk, fruit, and seed showed the existence of flavonoid. The amounts of flavonoid quercetin in various parts of P. macrocarpa has been determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detection using 15 cm × 4.6 mm, 10 μm particle, Ascentis™ C18 column. The quantitative analysis of quercetin of P. macrocarpa crude extracts revealed that stalk contained the highest amount of quercetin (1670.40 ± 13.48 μg ml-1), followed by fruit (1426.72 ± 22.17 μg ml-1), leaf (494.47 ± 30.46 μg ml-1), and seed extracts (313.22 ± 61.81 μg ml-1). The presence of phytochemicals in P. macrocarpa may be responsible for its anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities and may serve as a substitute for synthetic drugs.

© Transactions on Science and Technology 2016

References

[1] Andrean, D., Prasetyo, S., Kristijarti, A. P. & Hudaya, T. (2014). The Extraction and Activity Test of Bioactive Compounds in Phaleria macrocarpa as Antioxidants. Procedia Chemistry, 9(2014), 94-101.

[2] Harborne, J. B., Baxter, H. & Moss, G. P. (1999). Phytochemical Dictionary a Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants (2nd ed). London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.

[3] Hendra, R., Syahida, A., Aspollah, S., Yunus, S. & Ehsan, O. (2011). Flavonoid analyses and antimicrobial activity of various parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(6), 3422-3431.

[4] Lay, M. M., Saiful, A. K., Sadegh, M. & Sri Nurestri A. M. (2014). Phytochemical constituents, nutritional values, phenolics, flavonols, flavonoids, antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies on Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruits. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, 152.

[5] Pakade, V., Cukrowska, E. & Chimuka, L. (2013). Metal and Flavonol Contents of Moringa oleifera Grown in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 109(3/4), Art. #835, 7 pages.

[6] Phani, Ch. R. S., Vinaykumar, Ch., Umamaheswara, K. & Sindhuja, G. (2010). Quantitative Analysis of Quercetin in Natural Sources by RP-HPLC. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 1(1), 19-22.

[7] Spencer, J. P. E. (2008). Flavonoids: Modulators of Brain Function. British Journal of Nutrition, 99, 60-77.

[8] Evans, W. C. (2002). Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy (16th ed). Saunders Ltd.