Malaria prevalence among potential HIV/AIDS outpatients from selected hospitals in a metropolitan city of Central Nigeria

Akwashiki Ombugadu; Hassan Mohammed; James I. Maikenti; Sylvester A. Attah; Njila L. Hasley; Victoria A. Pam; Anzaku A. Abbas; Joseph O. Ayim; Joseph A. Ajiji; Abdullahi A. Ali; Benjamin O. Echor; Esla A. Akpason; David S. Stephen; Gladys A. Angbalaga; Yakubu Musa; Pius O. Enokela; Ndubisi R. Uzoigwe.

Malaria and HIV co-infection are of public health concern, most especially in sub-Sahara Africa. Therefore, this study investigated malaria parasite prevalence and a key haematological parameter among potential HIV/AIDS outpatients in selected hospitals in a metropolitan city in Central Nigeria in July, 2021. A total of 200 subjects’ blood were screened for HIV as well as Plasmodium, parasitemia and packed cell volume (PCV) levels. Of the 200 samples examined, all the just walk-in (naive) subjects were HIV positive among which only 33 (16.5%) were infected with P. falciparum. There was a significant variation (χ²= 8.482, df = 2, P = 0.01439) in malaria parasite prevalence in relation to subjects’ locations. More females were infected, however, Plasmodium prevalence in relation to sex showed no significant difference (χ²= 0.095778, df = 1, P = 0.757). P. falciparum prevalence in relation to age groups significantly varied (χ² = 18.682, df = 5, P < 0.01) in which age group 20-29 years HIV/AIDS subjects were more infected (7.5%). Subjects who had tertiary education qualification were the most infected (25.0%). Parasitemia was more dominant in females than in infected males. Subjects whose PCV was between 30-34% were the most infected (28.57%) while those with a PCV levels of 20-24% and 40-44% were Plasmodium parasite free. Thus, a very high significant difference (χ² = 56.607, df = 4, P < 0.001) in malaria infection in relation to PCV levels of the HIV/AIDS subjects. In conclusion, the 100% HIV infection recorded in all the just walk-in outpatients is of great public health concern that demands urgent attention of policy makers and stakeholders on the dynamics of current HIV infection status in the metropolitan city of Lafia in order to curb the continuous rapid spread. Also, all inhabitants in the study area should endeavor to protect themselves against human-vectors contact through the use of all forms of protection against mosquitoes such as sleeping under insecticide treated-bed nets in order to prevent malaria transmission.

KEYWORDS: Just walk-in outpatients, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Haematological parameter, Metropolitan city of Lafia



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