COVID-19: Reviewing Risk Factors and Breaking Transmission

Avinash Rames

Transactions on Science and Technology, 8(1), 45 - 84.

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ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2, a member of the Betacoronavirus genera and causative agent of COVID-19 will go down in history as one of the most successful pathogens in recent times. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on 11th of March 2020, and it is disturbing that only vaccines are available hitherto despite it being around for more than a year. Traditional virology attempts to explain events via host-pathogen interactions, yet it does not take into account of the multifarious factors that may alter odds for disease development. In line with this paucity, a literature review was performed to identify risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 from behavioural, demographical, environmental, genetic and physiological perspectives. Risk factors for disease are discussed by focusing on the receptors of SARS-CoV-2 which would be ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in addition to elaborating on multiple phenomena. An elaborate discourse is also performed to identify steps that can be taken to stymie or ideally break the chain of COVID-19 transmission in addition to discussing on what one should do after being confirmed or suspected as being COVID-19 positive.

KEYWORDS: Anti-vaxxers and COVID-19, COVID-19 risk factors, Factors affecting ACE2, Factors affecting TMPRSS2, Stopping COVID-19 transmission.



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