On the Propagation of Ganoderma boninense Infection of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm With the Aid of Acoustics Computed Assisted Tomography

Marcella Lennie Michael, Khim Phin Chong, Suzelawati Zenian, Alvie Lo Sin Voi, Jidon Janaun, Jedol Dayou.

Ganoderma boninense (GB), a causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease, remains as a threat in oil palm plantation as it caused a considerable amount of yield losses especially in South East Asia. Studies related to spread and transmission of the disease through roots and airborne have been reported by researchers but, knowledge on the propagation inside the oil palm however are still very limited. This paper is a hypothesis on the infection propagation of GB in oil palm with the help of acoustics computed tomography system. Three different characteristics of oil palm which consist of healthy, asymptomatic and severely infected palm were selected and tested using an acoustic device for tomogram image construction. Result of the acoustics tomography image from each samples obtained from the experiment have revealed the possibility of infection propagation in oil palm stem. Hypothesis of Ganoderma boninense infection mechanisms are outlined and concluded.

KEYWORDS: Ganoderma boninense; Basal stem rot; Oil palm; Thiram; Ergosterol



Download this PDF file

REFERENCES

1. Andres, A., Loïc, B. & Philippe, L. 2013. Improving acoustic tomography resolution by optimizing the wave travel time detection. 7th International IUFRO Conference MeMoWood. 01-04 October 2013, Nancy, France.
2. Fathi, L. 2014. Structural and Mechanical Properties of the Wood from Coconut Palms, Oil Palms and Date Palms. PhD Thesis, Hamburg University, Germany.
3. Killmann, W. & Lim, S. C. 1987. Anatomy and Properties of Oil Palm Stem. Kuala lumpur: Institut Penyelidikan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Malaysia.
4. Killmann, W. & Wong, W.C. 1988. Some properties and uses of oil palm and coconut stems: A comparison. Proceedings of the IUFRO Division 5. Sao Paulo, Brazil.
5. Maluin, F. N., Hussein, M. Z. & Idris, A. S. 2020. An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for. Nanotechnology Development. Agronomy, 10, Article ID 356.
6. Oliveira, F. G. R., De Campus, J. A. O. & Sales, A. 2002. Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Wood Using an Ultrasonic Technique. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Non-destructive Testing of wood. University of California, Bekeley, USA. pp, 75-78.
7. Rees, R. W., Flood, J., Hasan, Y., Potter, U. & Cooper, R. M. 2009. Basal stem rot of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis); mode of root infection and lower stem invasion by Ganoderma boninense. Plant pathology, 58(5), 982-989.
8. Stark, H., Woods, J. W., Paul, I. & Hingorani, R. 1981. An investigation of computerized tomography by direct Fourier inversion and optimum interpolation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-28(7), 496-505.
9. Sulaiman, O., Salim, N., Nordin, N. A., Hashim, R., Ibrahim, M. & Sato, M. 2012. The potential of oil palm trunk biomass as an alternative source for compressed wood. BioResources, 7(2), 2688-2706.
10. Wang, X., Ross, R. J., McClellan, M., Barbour, R. J., Erickson, J. R., Forsman, J. W. & McGinnis, G. D. 2001. Nondestructive evaluation of standing trees with stress wave method. Wood Fiber Science, 33(4), 522–533.