Adsorption of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution using banana stem biochar

Noor Halini Baharim; Tuan Azmar Tuan Daud; Mohd Rafi Mohd Solleh; Fridelina Sjahrir; Rahmad Mohd Taib; Norazlina Idris; Hajijul Radin.

The pollution of copper (II) ions, (Cu2+) in water has become one of the big concerns since this metal can spread easily through living organisms and the environment. The accumulation of ecotoxicological Cu2+ ions is extremely dangerous and causes severe adverse effects on plants, animals, aquatic life and humans. This toxic heavy metal can be removed effectively with an adsorption treatment method by using biochar, a green adsorbent made from biomass feedstock. In this study, the adsorption capacity of biochar derived from banana stems for the removal of Cu2+ ions are examined. The dried stem material was carbonized via slow pyrolysis at 300 °C for 1 h. The produced banana stem biochar was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The effect of the adsorption parameters that are initial Cu2+ ions concentration (100 – 400 mg/L), biochar dosage (0.1 – 0.6 g), pH solution (2 – 12), and stirring speed (60 – 210 rpm) were investigated in batch adsorption experiments at room temperature. Experimental setup parameters that affect the adsorption have been optimized by the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions on biochar increased until reaching equilibrium with increasing initial Cu2+ concentration, increasing pH, increasing stirring speed up to 120 rpm and decreasing dosage. The maximum Cu2+ ions amount adsorbed of 300.10 mg/g was achieved with optimum adsorption parameters that are 350 mg/L of initial Cu2+ ions concentration, pH 6, 0.1 g of biochar dosage and 120 rpm stirring speed. Due to the high adsorption efficiency, banana stems are potentially to be employed as an alternative adsorbent material for removing Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution. As banana stems are abundantly available agricultural wastes, its utilization as adsorbent feedstock will reduce the production and operation cost of removing various toxic metals from wastewater and be beneficial in addressing environmental issues resulting from improper disposal of agricultural wastes.

KEYWORDS: Adsorption; Banana stem; Biochar; Copper (II) ion; Removal



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